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[Encode_JSON]

LinkEncode_JSON
AuthorJonathan Guthrie
CategoryUtility
Version8.5.x
LicensePublic Domain
Posted19 Aug 2014
Updated19 Aug 2014
More by this author...

Description

JSON Encoding and Decoding

Copyright LassoSoft Inc

NOTE: These tags are ONLY for use with Lasso 8.5 and earlier. They are included by default in 8.6 and later.

This file was originally published as a Tip of the Week and then updated in a subsequent tip of the week.

Changes
2007-06-30 Whitespace between tokens and UTF-8 BOM support by Göran Törnquist. 2007-08-07 New map method of embedding native data types and -NoNative and -UseNative keywords by Fletcher Sandbeck. 2007-09-28 by Fletcher Sandbeck. Added [JSON_RPCCall] tag. Added new RPC.LassoApp files which automatically recognizes incoming JSON-RPC calls over HTTP. Added support for __jsonclass__ embedding method. Added [Object] and [Literal] which make JavaScript objects and functions easier to define.

Installation
Either include this file in the Lasso page you want to use these tags or place this file in the "LassoStartup" folder within the Lasso Professional 8 application folder or the sub-folder for a specific site.

Description
These tags implement simple JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) encoding and decoding in Lasso. JSON is a text format used for language independent data exchange. It is based on the syntax of JavaScript and JSON encoded objects can be passed into the JavaScript eval() function directly.

JSON supports the following data types natively: Array, Map, String, Integer, Decimal, Boolean, Null, and Date. Every JSON object must be wrapped in either an array or a map. If any other data type is passed to [Encode_JSON] then it will be encoded as a single element array. Literal is a subclass of string which will be inserted without quotes or encoding. Object is a subclass of map whose keys are embedded as literals.

By default, data type which are not supported natively are converted to the closest possible JSON data type. Sets, Lists, Queues, etc. are converted to Arrays. 

-UseNative can be used to turn off this automatic conversion. If -UseNative is specified then each data type is embedded using the serialization method described next.

Other data types are embedded using the JSON-RPC standard. {"__jsonclass__":["constructor", [param1,...]], "prop1": ...} In Lasso, the constructor is always "deserialize" and there is one parameter which contains the native Lasso serialization of the type.

NOTE - This replaces the Lasso-specific serialization scheme in an earlier version of this document. However, the earlier serialization scheme will still be decoded for backward compatibility with earlier implementations.

-NoNative can be used to turn off embedding data types as a __jsonclass__. If -NoNative is specified then data types which are not supported natively (and cannot be converted) will be skipped.

[Encode_JSON] - Encodes a Lasso data type as a string. If a map or array is passed then it will be encoded directly. Any other data type will be wrapped in a single element array and encoded. The output will always use UTF-8 encoding without extra escape sequences.

[Decode_JSON] - Decodes a JSON object into native Lasso objects. The result will be either an array or a map. The tag expects a native Lasso string. If you are importing a JSON object encoded in UTF-16 or UTF-32 then it should be imported into a Lasso string before being decoded.

[JSON_Records] returns the current inline results in a format which is compatible with many JavaScript libraries.

[Literal] - This is a subclass of [String]. A literal works exactly like a string, but will be inserted directly rather than being encoded into JSON. This allows JavaScript elements like functions to be inserted into JSON objects. This is most useful when the JSON object will be used within a JavaScript on the local page. [Map: 'fn'=(Literal: 'function(){ …})] => {'fn': function(){ …}}

[Object] - This is a subclass of [Map]. An object works exactly like a map, but when it is encoded into JSON all of the keys will be inserted literally. This makes it easy to create a JavaScript object without extraneous quote marks. [Object: 'name'='value'] => {name: "value"}

Note - [Object] and [Literal] should only be used when encoding Javascript for use in local scripts. They will not generate valid JSON encodings.

More Information - More information about the JSON standard and JSON-RPC can be found at the following URLs.

http://json.org/
http://json-rpc.org/
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4627.txt?number=4627

Sample Usage

encode_json(map);

decode_json(json_object)

Source Code

Click the "Download" button below to retrieve a copy of this tag, including the complete documentation and sample usage shown on this page. Place the downloaded ".inc" file in your LassoStartup folder, restart Lasso, and you can begin using this tag immediately.

	//
	// JSON Encoding and Decoding
	//
	// Copyright 2007 LassoSoft, LLC
	//
	// This file was originally published as a Tip of the Week and then
	// updated in a subsequent tip of the week.
	//
	// 
	// 
	//
	// Changes - 2007-06-30 Whitespace between tokens and UTF-8 BOM
	// support by Göran Törnquist. 2007-08-07 New map method of
	// embedding native data types and -NoNative and -UseNative keywords
	// by Fletcher Sandbeck. 2007-09-28 by Fletcher Sandbeck. Added
	// [JSON_RPCCall] tag. Added new RPC.LassoApp files which
	// automatically recognizes incoming JSON-RPC calls over HTTP. Added
	// support for __jsonclass__ embedding method. Added [Object] and
	// [Literal] which make JavaScript objects and functions easier to
	// define.
	//
	// Installation - Either include this file in the Lasso page you
	// want to use these tags or place this file in the "LassoStartup"
	// folder within the Lasso Professional 8 application folder or the
	// sub-folder for a specific site.
	//
	// Description - These tags implement simple JSON (JavaScript Object
	// Notation) encoding and decoding in Lasso. JSON is a text format
	// used for language independent data exchange. It is based on the
	// syntax of JavaScript and JSON encoded objects can be passed into
	// the JavaScript eval() function directly.
	//
	// JSON supports the following data types natively: Array, Map,
	// String, Integer, Decimal, Boolean, Null, and Date. Every JSON
	// object must be wrapped in either an array or a map. If any other
	// data type is passed to [Encode_JSON] then it will be encoded as a
	// single element array. Literal is a subclass of string which will
	// be inserted without quotes or encoding. Object is a subclass of
	// map whose keys are embedded as literals.
	//
	// By default, data type which are not supported natively are
	// converted to the closest possible JSON data type. Sets, Lists,
	// Queues, etc. are converted to Arrays. 
	//
	// -UseNative can be used to turn off this automatic conversion. If
	// -UseNative is specified then each data type is embedded using the
	// serialization method described next.
	//
	// Other data types are embedded using the JSON-RPC standard.
	// {"__jsonclass__":["constructor", [param1,...]], "prop1": ...} In
	// Lasso, the constructor is always "deserialize" and there is one
	// parameter which contains the native Lasso serialization of the
	// type.
	//
	// NOTE - This replaces the Lasso-specific serialization scheme in
	// an earlier version of this document. However, the earlier
	// serialization scheme will still be decoded for backward
	// compatibility with earlier implementations.
	//
	// -NoNative can be used to turn off embedding data types as a
	// __jsonclass__. If -NoNative is specified then data types which
	// are not supported natively (and cannot be converted) will be
	// skipped.
	//
	// [Encode_JSON] - Encodes a Lasso data type as a string. If a map
	// or array is passed then it will be encoded directly. Any other
	// data type will be wrapped in a single element array and encoded.
	// The output will always use UTF-8 encoding without extra escape
	// sequences.
	//
	// [Decode_JSON] - Decodes a JSON object into native Lasso objects.
	// The result will be either an array or a map. The tag expects a
	// native Lasso string. If you are importing a JSON object encoded
	// in UTF-16 or UTF-32 then it should be imported into a Lasso
	// string before being decoded.
	//
	// [JSON_Records] returns the current inline results in a format
	// which is compatible with many JavaScript libraries.
	//
	// [Literal] - This is a subclass of [String]. A literal works
	// exactly like a string, but will be inserted directly rather than
	// being encoded into JSON. This allows JavaScript elements like
	// functions to be inserted into JSON objects. This is most useful
	// when the JSON object will be used within a JavaScript on the
	// local page. [Map: 'fn'=(Literal: 'function(){ ...})] => {'fn':
	// function(){ ...}}
	//
	// [Object] - This is a subclass of [Map]. An object works exactly
	// like a map, but when it is encoded into JSON all of the keys will
	// be inserted literally. This makes it easy to create a JavaScript
	// object without extraneous quote marks. [Object: 'name'='value']
	// => {name: "value"}
	//
	// Note - [Object] and [Literal] should only be used when encoding
	// Javascript for use in local scripts. They will not generate valid
	// JSON encodings.
	//
	// Feedback - Please let us know if you have any problems with this
	// implementation. In particular, please forward us any JSON objects
	// which do not decode properly. Send mail to: .
	//
	// More Information - More information about the JSON standard and
	// JSON-RPC can be found at the following URLs.
	//
	// 
	// 
	// 
	//
	
If: (Lasso_TagExists: 'Encode_JSON') == False;

	Define_Tag: 'JSON', -Namespace='Encode_', -Required='value', -Optional='options';
	
		Local: 'output' = '';
		Local: 'newoptions' = (Array: -Internal);
		If: !(Local_Defined: 'options') || (#options->(IsA: 'array') == False);
			Local: 'options' = (Array);
		/If;
		If: (#options >> -UseNative) || (Params >> -UseNative);
			#newoptions->(Insert: -UseNative);
		/If;
		If: (#options >> -NoNative) || (Params >> -NoNative);
			#newoptions->(Insert: -NoNative);
		/If;
		If: (#options !>> -UseNative) && ((#value->(IsA: 'set')) || (#value->(IsA: 'list')) || (#value->(IsA: 'queue')) || (#value->(IsA: 'priorityqueue')) || (#value->(IsA: 'stack')));
			#output += (Encode_JSON: Array->(insertfrom: #value->iterator) &, -Options=#newoptions);
		Else: (#options !>> -UseNative) && (#value->(IsA: 'pair'));
			#output += (Encode_JSON: (Array: #value->First, #value->Second));
		Else: (#options !>> -Internal) && (#value->(Isa: 'array') == False) && (#value->(IsA: 'map') == False);
			#output += '[' + (Encode_JSON: #value, -Options=#newoptions) + ']';
		Else: (#value->(IsA: 'literal'));
			#output += #value;
		Else: (#value->(IsA: 'string'));
			#output += '"' + ((String: #value)->(Replace: '\"', '\\"') & (Replace: '\r', '\\r') & (Replace: '\n', '\\n') & (Replace: '\t', '\\t') & (Replace: '\f', '\\f') & (Replace: '\b', '\\b') &) + '"';
		Else: (#value->(IsA: 'integer')) || (#value->(IsA: 'decimal')) || (#value->(IsA: 'boolean'));
			#output += (String: #value);
		Else: (#value->(IsA: 'null'));
			#output += 'null';
		Else: (#value->(IsA: 'date'));
			if: #value->gmt;
				#output += '"' + #value->(format: '%QT%TZ') + '"';
			else;
				#output += '"' + #value->(format: '%QT%T') + '"';
			/if;
		Else: (#value->(IsA: 'array'));
			#output += '[';
			Iterate: #value, (Local: 'temp');
				#output += (Encode_JSON: #temp, -Options=#newoptions);
				If: #value->Size != Loop_Count;
					#output += ', ';
				/If;
			/Iterate;
			#output += ']';
		Else: (#value->(IsA: 'object'));
			#output += '{';
			Iterate: #value, (Local: 'temp');
				#output += #temp->First + ': ' + (Encode_JSON: #temp->Second, -Options=#newoptions);
				If: (#value->Size != Loop_Count);
					#output += ', ';
				/If;
			/Iterate;
			#output += '}';
		Else: (#value->(IsA: 'map'));
			#output += '{';
			Iterate: #value, (Local: 'temp');
				#output += (Encode_JSON: #temp->First, -Options=#newoptions) + ': ' + (Encode_JSON: #temp->Second, -Options=#newoptions);
				If: (#value->Size != Loop_Count);
					#output += ', ';
				/If;
			/Iterate;
			#output += '}';
		Else: (#value->(IsA: 'client_ip')) || (#value->(IsA: 'client_address'));
			#output += (Encode_JSON: (String: #value), -Options=#newoptions);
		Else: (#options !>> -UseNative) && (#value->(IsA: 'set')) || (#value->(IsA: 'list')) || (#value->(IsA: 'queue')) || (#value->(IsA: 'priorityqueue')) || (#value->(IsA: 'stack'));
			#output += (Encode_JSON: Array->(insertfrom: #value->iterator) &, -Options=#newoptions);
		Else: (#options !>> -NoNative);
			#output += (Encode_JSON: (Map: '__jsonclass__'=(Array:'deserialize',(Array:'' + #value->Serialize + ''))));
		/If;
		Return: @#output;
		
	/Define_Tag;

/If;

If: (Lasso_TagExists: 'Decode_JSON') == False;

	Define_Tag: 'JSON', -Namespace='Decode_', -Required='value';

		(#value == '') ? Return: Null;
		
		Define_Tag: 'consume_string', -Required='ibytes';
			Local: 'obytes' = bytes;
			local: 'temp' = 0;
			While: ((#temp := #ibytes->(export8bits: #temp)) != 34);
				#obytes->(import8bits: #temp);
				(#temp == 92) ? #obytes->(import8bits: #ibytes->export8bits); // Escape \
			/While;
			Local: 'output' = ((String: #obytes)->(Replace: '\\"', '\"') & (Replace: '\\r', '\r') & (Replace: '\\n', '\n') & (Replace: '\\t', '\t') & (Replace: '\\f', '\f') & (Replace: '\\b', '\b') &);
			If: #output->(BeginsWith: '') && #output->(EndsWith: '');
				Local: 'temp' = #output - '' - '';
				Local: 'output' = null;
				Protect;
					#output->(Deserialize: #temp);
				/Protect;
			Else: (Valid_Date: #output, -Format='%QT%TZ');
				Local: 'output' = (Date: #output, -Format='%QT%TZ');
			Else: (Valid_Date: #output, -Format='%QT%T');
				Local: 'output' = (Date: #output, -Format='%QT%T');
			/If;			
			Return: @#output;
		/Define_Tag;
		Define_Tag: 'consume_token', -Required='ibytes', -required='temp';
			Local: 'obytes' = bytes->(import8bits: #temp) &;
			local: 'delimit' = (array: 9, 10, 13, 32, 44, 58, 93, 125); // \t\r\n ,:]}
			While: (#delimit !>> (#temp := #ibytes->export8bits));
				#obytes->(import8bits: #temp);
			/While;
			Local: 'output' = (String: #obytes);
			If: (#output == 'true') || (#output == 'false');
				Return: (Boolean: #output);
			Else: (#output == 'null');
				Return: Null;
			Else: (String_IsNumeric: #output);
				Return: (#output >> '.') ? (Decimal: #output) | (Integer: #output);
			/If;
			Return: @#output;
		/Define_Tag;
		Define_Tag: 'consume_array', -Required='ibytes';
			Local: 'output' = array;
			local: 'delimit' = (array:  9, 10, 13, 32, 44); // \t\r\n ,
			local: 'temp' = 0;
			While: ((#temp := #ibytes->export8bits) != 93); // ]
				If: (#delimit >> #temp);
					// Discard whitespace 
				Else: (#temp == 34); // "
					#output->(insert: (consume_string: @#ibytes));
				Else: (#temp == 91); // [
					#output->(insert: (consume_array: @#ibytes));
				Else: (#temp == 123); // {
					#output->(insert: (consume_object: @#ibytes));
				Else;
					#output->(insert: (consume_token: @#ibytes, @#temp));
					(#temp == 93) ? Loop_Abort;
				/If;
			/While;
			Return: @#output;
		/Define_Tag;
		Define_Tag: 'consume_object', -Required='ibytes';
			Local: 'output' = map;
			local: 'delimit' = (array:  9, 10, 13, 32, 44); // \t\r\n ,
			local: 'temp' = 0;
			local: 'key' = null;
			local: 'val' = null;
			While: ((#temp := #ibytes->export8bits) != 125); // }
				If: (#delimit >> #temp);
					// Discard whitespace 
				Else: (#key !== null) && (#temp == 34); // "
					#output->(insert: #key = (consume_string: @#ibytes));
					#key = null;
				Else: (#key !== null) && (#temp == 91); // [
					#output->(insert: #key = (consume_array: @#ibytes));
					#key = null;
				Else: (#key !== null) && (#temp == 123); // {
					#output->(insert: #key = (consume_object: @#ibytes));
					#key = null;
				Else: (#key !== null);
					#output->(insert: #key = (consume_token: @#ibytes, @#temp));
					(#temp == 125) ? Loop_abort;
					#key = null;
				Else;
					#key = (consume_string: @#ibytes);
 				    while(#delimit >> (#temp := #ibytes->export8bits));
					/while;
  					#temp != 58 ? Loop_Abort;
				/If;
			/While;
			
			If: (#output >> '__jsonclass__') && (#output->(Find: '__jsonclass__')->(isa: 'array')) && (#output->(Find: '__jsonclass__')->size >= 2) && (#output->(Find: '__jsonclass__')->First == 'deserialize');
				Return: #output->(find: '__jsonclass__')->Second->First;
			Else: (#output >> 'native') && (#output >> 'comment') && (#output->(find: 'comment') == 'http://www.lassosoft.com/json');
				Return: #output->(find: 'native');
			/If;
			Return: @#output;
		/Define_Tag;
		
		Local: 'ibytes' = (bytes: #value);
		Local: 'start' = 1;
 	  	#ibytes->removeLeading(BOM_UTF8);
		Local: 'temp' = #ibytes->export8bits;
		If: (#temp == 91); // [
			Local: 'output' = (consume_array: @#ibytes);
			Return: @#output;
		Else: (#temp == 123); // {
			Local: 'output' = (consume_object: @#ibytes);
			Return: @#output;
		/If;
		
	/Define_Tag;

/If;
	
If: (Lasso_TagExists: 'Literal') == False;

	Define_Type: 'Literal', 'String';
	/Define_Type;

/If;
	
If: (Lasso_TagExists: 'Object') == False;
	
	Define_Type: 'Object', 'Map';
	/Define_Type;
	
/If;

If: (Lasso_TagExists: 'JSON_RPCCall') == False;
	
	Define_Tag: 'RPCCall', -Namespace='JSON_',
			-Required='method',
			-Optional='params',
			-Optional='id',
			-Optional='host';
		!(Local_Defined: 'host') ? Local: 'host' = 'http://localhost/lassoapps.8/rpc/rpc.lasso';

		!(Local_Defined: 'id') ? Local: 'id' = Lasso_UniqueID;
		Local: 'request' = (Map: 'method' = #method, 'params' = #params, 'id' = #id);
		Local: 'request' = (Encode_JSON: #request);
		
		Local: 'result' = (Include_URL: #host, -PostParams=#request);
		Local: 'result' = (Decode_JSON: #result);
		Return: @#result;
	/Define_Tag;
	
/If;

If: (Lasso_TagExists: 'JSON_Records') == False;
	Define_Tag: 'JSON_Records',
			-Optional='KeyField',
			-Optional='ReturnField',
			-Optional='ExcludeField',
			-Optional='Fields';
		Local: '_fields' = (Local_Defined: 'fields') && #fields->(IsA: 'array') ? #fields | Field_Names;
		Fail_If: #_fields->size == 0, -1, 'No fields found for [JSON_Records]';
		Local: '_keyfield' = (Local: 'keyfield');
		If: #_fields !>> #_keyfield;
			Local: '_keyfield' = (KeyField_Name);
			If: #_fields !>> #_keyfield;
				Local: '_keyfield' = 'ID';
				If: #_fields !>> #_keyfield;
					Local: '_keyfield' = #_fields->First;
				/If;
			/If;
		/If;
		Local: '_index' = #_fields->(FindPosition: #_keyfield)->First;
		Local: '_return' = (Local_Defined: 'returnfield') ? (Params->(Find: -ReturnField)->(ForEach: {Params->First = Params->First->Second; Return: True}) &) | @#_fields;
		Local: '_exclude' = (Local_Defined: 'excludefield') ? (Params->(Find: -ExcludeField)->(ForEach: {Params->First = Params->First->Second; Return: True}) &) | Array;
		Local: '_records' =  Array;
		Iterate: Records_Array, (Local: '_record');
			Local: '_temp' = Map;
			Iterate: #_fields, (Local: '_field');
				((#_return >> #_field) && (#_exclude !>> #_field)) ? #_temp->Insert(#_field = #_record->(Get: Loop_Count));
			/Iterate;
			#_records->Insert(#_temp);
		/Iterate;
		Local: '_output' = (Encode_JSON: (Object: 'error_msg'=Error_Msg, 'error_code'=Error_Code, 'found_count'=Found_Count, 'keyfield'=#_keyfield, 'rows'=#_records));
		Return: @#_output;
	/Define_Tag;
/if;

Comments

26 Jun 2012, Eric Knibbe

Escaped characters patch

See here for a patch to make this tag handle escaped characters in strings properly: https://gist.github.com/2586751

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